We retrieved all articles on malaria infection among the blood donor population through systematic searches of major databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science from 1982 to October 10, 2017, using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms, including “malaria,” “ Plasmodium,” “prevalence,” “epidemiology,” “blood donors,” “transfusion,” “transplant recipients,” and “blood pack” alone or combined together using “OR” and/or “AND.” Study Selection This systematic review was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed (1) to provide a summary of the evidence to understand the prevalence of Plasmodium infection in the asymptomatic blood donor population based on the available literature, (2) to compare the effectiveness of screening methods used to detect malaria parasitemia in blood donors, and (3) to identify risk factors associated with active malaria infection in the asymptomatic blood donor population. This could lead to fatal outcomes in children, the elderly, and patients who are pregnant or immunosuppressed. The primary concern in regard to TTM compared with natural infection is that the patients infected through transfusion may present late with severe complications due to the immediate release of parasites. According to a systematic review, the incubation period for TTM was found to be longer compared with natural mosquito-transmitted malaria infection. In TTM, the most common Plasmodium species observed were P. Malaria is caused by a unicellular apicomplexan called Plasmodium, and 5 species are known to cause disease in humans: P. Some population-based studies and systematic reviews have examined the prevalence of malaria infection in blood donors in developed, nonendemic countries, but a knowledge gap still exists in regard to the extent and dynamics of malaria infection in blood donors, especially in malaria-endemic areas. Plasmodium parasites were shown to survive in whole blood and plasma when stored at 4☌ for approximately up to 18 days, and detectable parasites can present even up to 28 days when frozen, although with diminished infectivity. It is an incidental transmission of Plasmodium parasite from an asymptomatic donor with parasitemia to a blood recipient and is a significant concern, especially in nonendemic areas. Transfusion-transmitted malaria (TTM) is one of the first recorded incidents of transfusion-associated infection. Although malaria is usually transmitted by Plasmodium parasite’s vector female Anopheles mosquitos, it is also readily transmitted through blood transfusion, organ transplantation, and needle stick injury. Malaria often affects the most vulnerable, notably young children and pregnant women in the developing world, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Blood donor, Plasmodium, systematic review, transfusion-associated infections, transfusion medicineĪpproximately 3.3 billion of the world’s population resides in malaria-endemic regions, and of those, 1.2 billion are at high risk of malaria infection.
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